See me move stick em up spinnerette
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However, there was a high interspecific variability. Spinneret use patterns were consistent between juveniles and adults, and females and males of the same species.
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#See me move stick em up spinnerette software#
Videos were recorded with 500 frames per second, using the TroublePix software (NorPix, Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada) with continuous looping and post event trigger. This resolution was sufficient to observe the emergence of silk fibres from distinct spigots. The resulting field of view was 1.3 × 1.0 mm at a pixel size of 2.1 µm for the basic configuration, and 5.3 × 4.0 mm at a pixel size of 8.3 µm for the configuration with the 0.25× lens. A 0.25× accessory lens was used for larger spiders (body length > 10 mm). Spinning events were filmed from underneath the glass slide, using a Basler Ace 640 × 480 pix USB 3.0 high-speed video camera (Basler AG, Ahrensburg, Germany), equipped with a Navitar Precise Eye extension tube including a 1.33× magnification lens (Navitar, Inc., Rochester, NY, USA). Leg contact with the glass slide often triggered silk attachment behaviour, i.e., the abdomen was bent down towards the slide and an attachment disc with a consecutive dragline was produced to gain a secure substrate attachment. Spiders were attached to wooden sticks with a droplet of dental wax (President Light body, Coltène/Whaledent AG, Altstätten, Switzerland) or dental paint (Shade modification Tint Blue, SDI Ltd., Bayswater, VIC, Australia) on their upper carapace, and brought manually in contact with a glass slide.
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Silk spinning was observed using the methodology described in Wolff et al. These observations call for a closer investigation of the function of different silk glands in spiders. This indicates that major ampullate silk properties reported from comparative measurements of draglines should be handled with care. Araneoid spiders were highly distinct from most other spiders in their draglines, being composed of major ampullate silk only. Silk fibres from the used spinnerets (major ampullate, minor ampullate and aciniform silk) were generally bundled in draglines after the completion of silk anchor spinning. Opposing the reduction to using a single spinneret pair, few taxa have switched to using all ALS, PMS and the posterior lateral spinnerets (PLS) for silk anchor and dragline formation. I found that the use of both anterior lateral spinnerets (ALS) and posterior median spinnerets (PMS) is the plesiomorphic state of silk anchor and dragline spinning in the Araneomorphae, with transitions to ALS-only use in the Araneoidea and some smaller lineages scattered across the spider tree of life. Here, I report the results from a comparative study of spinneret usage during silk anchor and dragline spinning. In particular, the biological role of different types of silk glands is largely unexplored. This is a major impediment for the general understanding of spider ecology, spider silk evolution and biomaterial prospecting. Despite the recognition of spider silk as a biological super-material and its dominant role in various aspects of a spider’s life, knowledge on silk use and silk properties is incomplete.